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Extraordinary Rendition, 2008.
Investigates extraordinary rendition, which is the practice of transferring terror suspects from one country to another by means that bypass all judicial due process.
3,840 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the issue of extraordinary renditions used by the U.S. and the CIA to fight the War on Terror. The paper describes three types of rendition and traces the history of their use by the U.S. government from its early days to the present. The paper then contrasts the points of view of the U.S. government and human rights groups on the issue. The paper also discusses the weaknesses of this process and concludes that whether or not one agrees with the policy of renditions, it is evident that extraordinary renditions have served to weaken international law.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Types of Rendition
History of Rendition in the United States
The U.S. View Point on Extraordinary Rendition
The 'Down Side' of Extraordinary Rendition
Mistakes are Common
Ceding the High Moral Ground
Dubious Intelligence-Gathering through Torture
Effect on International Law
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In May 2004, five months after his detention, el-Masri was released after the Americans realized that he had been mistakenly identified as a terrorist because an al-Qaeda terrorist had a similar name. The manner of his release (he was blindfolded and handcuffed and let out on a lonely road in Albania) and the subsequent treatment of his lawsuit by the US courts (dismissal on the basis of national security) have received widespread condemnation from human right organizations. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) helped el-Masri to file lawsuit in a US court against his illegal detention in December 2005."
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Karl Marx and his Theory of Alienation, 2008.
A discussion of Karl Marx's theory of alienation as it applies to a postmodern world.
2,329 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusess Karl Marx and his theory of alienation. It first discusses the causes of alienation and the process that occurs. The paper then specifically discusses why alienation has become a general phenomenon in the postmodern world. The paper concludes that Marx's theory of alienation is even more valid at present than it was for the contemporary situation that he tried to describe.
From the Paper
"Also, through his labor or his employment, man is obviously cut from his own activity. While a man does have a function in the modern system, he does not have direct access to the results of own work. The examples for alienation provided by the modern society are almost inexhaustible: the social and economical system is now more complicated than ever. Any work performed by an individual is now only a small part of a huge system that serves all kinds of interests. Man cannot exist as an individual outside society, since he is compelled to live and work in a certain way. More than the fact that the individual is now subjected to more and more laws, the laws are moreover abstract and impersonal and a man cannot get a personal response to any of his actions."
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Evolution of Medicare and Medicaid, 2008.
The author of the paper describes the processes and events that led to the establishment of Medicare in the United States.
1,175 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the events and processes leading to the establishment of Medicare and Medicaid in the United States in 1965 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The author looks at events between the years 1900 through 1965 and specifically the period following the Great Depression, the Second World War and the era of the 1950s.
Outline:
Introduction
Changes During the Progressive Era
New Deal Era
Second World War
The 50s
Health Care Spending Rises Steeply
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"As social security became popular and Congress passed bills raising social security benefits in that decade, reformers were inclined to extend health insurance to social security beneficiaries, mostly elderly persons (Berkowitz 2001). Most of them had stopped paying for their employer-based health insurance and had high morbidity rates. The federal government could then come in as a health provider through what came to be Medicare. The concept of limiting federally financed national health insurance for the elderly received congressional attention in 1957 (Berkowitz)."
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Coal Mining Industry Report, 2008.
This paper examines the effects of the economy on the coal mining industry.
1,369 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses shifts and price elasticity of supply and demand, positive and negative externalities, wage inequality and monetary and fiscal policies and their impact on the coal mining industry. The paper predicts that coal production will likely rise while worker pay and employment in the coal mining industry will shrink in the next decade.
Outline:
Shifts and Price Elasticity of Supply and Demand
Positive and Negative Externalities
Wage Inequality
Monetary and Fiscal Policies
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The coal mining industry in the United States is comprised of approximately 1,000 companies operating approximately 1,500 mines, with approximate combined annual revenue of $25 billion. Some of the larger producers are Peabody Energy, Arch Coal and Massey Energy. Over the past decade, the coal mining industry has become greatly consolidated and presently sixty-five percent of the market is owned by approximately ten companies with each company operating a single coalmine with the size of the mines varying a great deal. Larger operations produce over 1 million tons of coal annually. According to Hoover's website in the work entitled: "Industry Overview: Coal Mining" "Demand comes mainly from generators of electricity. Profitability depends on efficient operations, as the product is a commodity sold on the basis of price." (2008) "
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The Voting Rights Act of 1965, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on the achievement of equality.
2,747 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the actual impact of the Voting Act of 1965 through an analysis of the theoretical aspects of the vote, the historical background of the issue, the steps that led to the signing of the Act, the controversies surrounding the issue, and its immediate consequences. The paper shows how the Act of 1965 was an important and decisive legislative creation of the US Congress.
Outline:
Theoretical Aspects of the Vote
Historical Background
The Steps and Controversies of the Voting Rights Act from 1965
Consequences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The struggle for civil rights in America was marked throughout its history by numerous important events which in the end achieved the equality that the US Constitution defined in the 18th century. However, it was an uphill battle which demanded sacrifice and continuous activism. In order to have a more comprehensive view on the actual impact of the Voting Act of 1965 it is important to consider some theoretical aspects of the vote, the historical background of the issue, the steps that led to the signing of the Act, the controversies surrounding the issue, as well as its immediate consequences."
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World Renowned Cryptographers and Cryptanalysts, 2008.
This paper looks at the importance of cryptography during the world wars and looks at the contributions of different cryptographers.
1,052 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that cryptography was a very important element in the results of both World War I and II. The writer points out that while it has been used for centuries for a variety of purposes, cryptography in its currently known forms was first developed during the 17th century. In tracing the work of a variety of cryptographers, this paper shows each contribution during the world wars, and looks at how each success is used as a platform for future achievements in the field. The writer maintains that the pioneering work of the men and women mentioned here is instrumental in the current political climate, where intelligence gathering on terrorism is vitally important.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Fermat and Euler
Herbert O. Yardley, Pioneer during World War I
Agnes Meyer Driscoll
Decoding the Enigma
From the Paper
"Yardley's work here involved receiving encoded messages involving American government officials traveling abroad. He found his work in the Code Room thrilling, and resolved to be involved with cryptography throughout his life.
"With the outbreak of World War I in 1917, Yardley was 28 years old. He was put in charge of Military Intelligence, which required that he decode foreign messages. This was a significant point in American history, as the Intelligence Agency that Yardley set up was the first of its kind in the country. The Agency - MI-8 - proved invaluable to the country. For this, Yardley received the Distinguished Service Medal. Yardley's efforts were used as a springboard for further developments in cryptography during World War II."
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U.S. Trade Deficit, 2008.
A discussion of how the U.S. trade deficit benefits the American economy.
2,451 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper demonstrates the positive side to America's trade imbalance by showing how the trade deficit has not impeded America's growth, and has provided significant advantages for consumers, domestic companies and the American worker. The paper clarifies the effect the deficit has had on American manufacturing jobs, and reveals that, although there may be a loss of jobs, the American economy has anyway become better educated and increasingly employed in service-based businesses.
Outline:
Roots and Overview
Benefits to Consumers
Overstated Effect on American Jobs
From the Paper
"The current U.S. trade deficit stands at approximately $763.3 billion a year, and has grown considerably over the past decade, from a starting point of $108.3 billion in 1997 (Weisman, 2007). During that 10-year period, the trade deficit only failed to increase once --from 2000-2001. While America maintains a trade surplus with some nations, particularly many developing countries, its trade with other nations is so skewed that it has caused alarm among some policymakers and in the media. For example, from 1997-2007, America's trade deficit with China increased from $49.7 billion to $260 billion -- more than a five-fold increase (U.S. Census Bureau, 2007)."
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Identity Politics, 2008.
Argues against identity politics especially within the Canadian context.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, although identity politics has long been perceived as supremely important to the continued success of political and social institutions, there are indications that this approach to understanding national identity is incorrect or at least exaggerated. The author examines the role that identity politics plays in the Canadian context and concedes it may no longer be a driving consideration in the success of political and social institutions. The paper concludes that, since Canadian "uniqueness" among Western democracies is largely mythical, the decreasing importance of identity politics in Canada points to a larger shift among Western democracies towards societies in which unity of identity is no longer the crucial factor in the success of the state.
From the Paper
"Despite this, Canada as a nation has not crumpled or torn itself apart via internal strife and division. The nation's political and social institutions have been as successful as ever even as identity politics has become increasingly banal and multi-level, fluid identities have proliferated. The obvious conclusion that can be drawn from this social and political reality is that identity politics is no longer the defining factor in determining the success of a nation. For instance, despite consistently failing to identify themselves as Canadian instead of Quebecois, that particular subgroup still utilizes and participates in Canadian social and political institutions."
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Security, 2008.
A review of the inefficiency of the executive branch of the federal government in running the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and how Congress is attempting to rectify the situation.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the security of the United States against terrorism and questions how safe Americans feel when it comes to the sanctity and security of their homeland. The paper comments that the former question is difficult to answer precisely, but given the Congressional and government reports that point out the flaws and failures of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), it would seem the U.S. is not as secure as it should be. The latter question is discussed at the conclusion of this paper. The point of this paper is that the executive branch of the federal government has not done an adequate job of running the DHS, and Congress is now doing what it should have been doing all along - fiscal and management oversight. The focus of this paper is on the science and technology division of the DHS.
From the Paper
"As to the specific DHS area of concern for this paper, Science & Technology, the congressional report card sets the stage for the 2007 report by reviewing the S&T's poor condition that existed in 2006. The report card quotes from a Washington Post article (Hsu Aug. 20, 2006) that the S&T was "hobbled by poor leadership, weak financial management and inadequate technology" (Hsu 2006). Given the vital importance to America's security, the first paragraph in the S&T section outlines needs to be addressed, including the "systemic deficiencies in financial and accounting controls" along with the "poor response to the needs of customers." In general, the 2007 said that historically the problems with DHS's S&T department are many and Congress and the public have "lost confidence in the ability of the S&T Directorate to fulfill its statutory responsibilities."
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The Cold War, 2008.
This paper discusses the matter of the Cold War and looks at how relationships between the Soviet Union and the United States became more and more strained after the end of World War II.
952 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of the Cold War. Specifically, the writer discusses the development of the Cold War after the end of World War II and looks at how Europe and the world were divided by two super powers. The writer explains that the Cold War broke out after the end of World War II between the Soviet Union and the United States. It was based on disagreements between the two countries' policies, and the American possession of the atomic bomb. The writer notes that it lasted until the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, and drove a wedge between the two countries that is not easily forgotten. The writer concludes that the Cold War never erupted into real war, but there were times, like the Cuban Missile Crisis, when it could have, and the world breathed a sigh of relief when it ended.
From the Paper
"This was part of a report on Soviet/U.S. relations commissioned by President Truman in 1946, and it indicates the key differences between the two countries and their policies.
"The Truman Doctrine was a plan conceived to help nations threatened by Communism. The Truman Doctrine initially began with aid to Turkey and Greece in 1947, and continued in one form or another throughout the Cold War. It was a global, all encompassing effort to control Communism, and of course, the Soviets protested it. Many other nations did too, and it served to strain U.S. and foreign relationships greatly during the Cold War."
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Negative Campaigns and Voter Turnout, 2008.
A research proposal examining the correlation between negative election advertisements and low voter turnout.
1,557 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the impact of negative campaign influences upon voter turnout. It hypothesizes that the greater the number of negative advertisements voters are exposed to, the lower the turnout. The research proposal suggests that there are different types of negative tactics used by candidates and these may have different influences upon turnout and the turnout of particular groups.
Table of Contents:
Part I. Methodological Approaches in Action
Survey Research/Public Opinion Polls
Observation (Overt or Covert)
Part II. Meta-Analysis: Critiquing What You Have Done
From the Paper
"Data thus far on negative campaigning has been mixed, with some research suggesting that it can be profoundly mobilizing to the party faithful of a generally dispirited American electorate (Jackson & Carsey 2006; Martin 2004), while other anecdotal studies suggest it can alienate the public. Polling individuals from a cross-section of elections allows for a wider array of demographic data, and reduces the possibility of independent variables affecting the results. For example, the area selected for the case study might have a generally low level of civic engagement, which could create low voter turnout that was correlated to a negative campaign by both candidates, but not caused by the candidate's advertisements. Examining different districts, with different kinds of hotly contested or lukewarm races, is more representational. However, a case study allows for greater specificity in conducting the research. The interviewers are able to take more time to discuss the respondent's perceptions, to track those perceptions as they evolve over time, and to paint a comprehensive picture of the campaign, as well as the specifics of the types of negative advertising used in the campaign. A strongly negative advertisement might affect the voters, and make a profound, seismic change upon their level of engagement."
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American Involvement in Haiti, 2008.
An examination of the strategic failure of the United States' involvement in bringing President Aristide back to Haiti.
3,610 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 42 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses American's involvement in Haiti and the role of President Aristide in the problems of the country. It discusses why America's political ends did not work after a successful peaceful military intervention in Haiti and why bringing Aristide back was a strategic failure. The paper argues that everything failed because there was no true peace between the United States and Haiti, which indicates there was poor leadership on both sides. The paper also looks at industry and benchmarking in Haiti.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
Key Points
Analysis
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Companies and corporations must research a program prior to implementation to ensure it will be successful, and to determine any potential failures. Companies realize a successful process at another company does not guarantee the program will work in every business model. Research is a diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to discover or revise facts, theories or applications. Benchmarking is a way to compare how one company does business with another in the same industry. Benchmarking occurs when a company wishes to develop new plans and ideas and wishes to see how other like companies has been successful. Benchmarking requires many hours of research to determine the risks associated with implementing the processes and removes the stigma of "it has always been done this way" while allowing for a variation to problem solving. It uses a review of best practices and though costly, the benefits will outweigh the costs. By using benchmarking practices, companies can implement new and improved business practices and develop plans which will help them succeed."
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Gender & Race in the Presidential Campaign, 2008.
A discussion of how newspapers in the United States reported the Democratic Party's presidential candidacy race in relation to gender and race.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The author of the paper examines how newspapers in the United States reported the Democratic Party's presidential candidacy race in relation to gender and race. The writer states that for the first time ever, Democratic Party members not only had to choose between male and female candidates, but also between white and black candidates. The author examines how this phenomenon was reported by journalists in the New York Times and the Washington Post.
From the Paper
"The 2008 presidential campaign in the United States is unique in that never before have voters in the Democratic primaries been offered a choice between a woman candidate and an African American male candidate. It can be safely stated that never before have race and gender played such a major role in American presidential politics. While the Republican candidates are all white males, the major Democratic candidates are males (African American Barack Obama and Caucasian John Edwards) and female (former first lady and New York Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton)"
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John McCain, 2008.
An examination of the military and moral influences that have affected John McCain's life.
3,240 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the background and family environment of John McCain as well as his military experience, education and values. The paper posits that McCain uses his military background and morals as a guide in life as well as in the presidential election. The paper discusses McCain's personal qualities and asserts that his desire for justice and his respect for the generations that contributed to the history of the nation make him one of the most respected politicians of the moment.
From the Paper
"The character of a man, regardless of his status or political involvement, is the full result of his family background and influences, his life time experiences, as well as the events he witnessed and helped shape throughout his life. In this sense John McCain is one of the most relevant examples. John McCain is considered to be one of the most important figures on the United States political scene. He has been a remarkable personality that has stirred controversy, respect, and criticism at the same time. However, it is precisely this complex nature of his character that has made him become one of the most talked about Republican candidate for presidency. He found purpose in his life when he joined the army. He wanted to live up to the standards of both his father and grandfather, both of whom were officers in the navy. McCain presented courage and character when serving as a naval aviator during the Vietnam War. His experiences in the military and his father's moral influence helped shape him into the man and politician he is today."
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The World's Response to Apartheid, 2008.
The author of the paper examines how world powers responded to the system of apartheid in South Africa.
3,175 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
The paper examines and discusses the response of major powers in the world to the rule of apartheid in South Africa. In particular, the author focuses on the United States, the (now defunct) Soviet Union and Great Britain. The author examines the development of apartheid in South Africa and describes how differing power blocks worked towards an abolition of Apartheid. The author then compares the course chosen by the Soviet Union, the United States, Great Britain and other western countries to end apartheid and looks at the effectiveness of those policies.
Outline:
Thesis
Antithesis
Synthesis
Works Cited
From the Paper
"It is important to note that, once the United States and Britain took some level of meaningful action in the mid-1980s, apartheid was gone in less than a decade. South African Pres. F.W. de Clerk began dismantling apartheid in 1990 and held the country's first free, open elections in 1994. Certainly, the demise of apartheid could be attributed to the cumulative effects of years of pressure from other nations, but when the United States and Britain officially condemned apartheid with economic sanctions, the South African regime lost its last elements of legitimacy. It is reasonable to think that, with continued American and British support, apartheid could have lasted longer in South Africa. It is equally important to note that the effects of weak measures by the Americans and British were arguably devastating to the South African people. By all accounts, the 30-plus years of limited or no activity by the American and British were marked by thousands of cases of execution, torture and unlawful imprisonment. Twenty-two thousand South Africans have been officially recommended for government reparations, although this number it considered a dramatic understatement, and it does not, obviously, include the dead (Singer, 2004). And, certainly, government-forced poverty took a toll on millions of other South Africans. In short, the cost of American and British inactivity was extremely high."
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